The binder consisting of asphalt cement and sulfur may be expressed also as a percentage of the VMA, and the amount of sulfur may be expressed as vol % of the binder. Sulfur contents may be expressed either on a weight or volumetric basis. Table II presents the range of dependent variables determined during the screening test for the AAS system mixtures. These indicator tests ( dependent variables) included bulk specific gravity, air voids, voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA), resilient modulus, Hveem stability, Marshall stability, and Marshall flow. įor the screening test phase, three replicate specimens of each combination of independent variables were made, and each of the indicator or control tests was run on the specimens of sulfur-asphalt concrete. See Saybolt Universal Viscosity, specific gravity. Like other indicators of hydrocarbon composition (as opposed to a specific laboratory analysis), VGC should not be indiscriminately applied to residual oils (see bottoms), asphaltic materials, or samples containing appreciable quantities of non-hydrocarbons. Values of VGC near 0.800 indicate an oil of paraffinic character (see paraffin), values close to 1.00 indicate a preponderance of aromatic structures. See also Coal Tar and Derivatives and Petroleum. Notable localities for asphaltum are the Island of Trinidad and the Dead Sea region, where Lake Asphaltites were long known to the ancients. A semisolid mixture of several hydrocarbons, probably formed because of the evaporation of the lighter and more volatile constituents, It is amorphous, of low specific gravity, 1-2, with a black or brownish-black color and pitchy luster. specific gravity, gasoline and kerosene content, sulfur content, asphalt content, pour point, and cloud point. Ĭommercial value of a petroleum liquid can be estimated quickly through measurement of the following physical characteristics. However, from a practical standpoint, as the materials are used in the field, these differences are not highly significant. The table indicates that their properties are generally quite different, particularly the specific gravity, penetration, viscosities, and flash and fire points. The results of this program are contained in reference (10) Table II presents a comparison of the selected physicochemical properties of Sulphlex-233 and an AC-20 grade asphalt cement used in the FHWA study.
Examples are asphalt (17,158 BTU/lb typical value), LPG (18,000 BTU/lb), wood shavings (8,250 BTU/lb). Expressed in units of BTUs per pond of fuel. Fuel Value Refers to the amount of potential energy that can be released by a fuel during combustion. Refer to Chapter 4 for specific examples and discussion of properties. This includes auto diesel, industrial heating fuels, various bunker fuels, furnace fuels. įuel Oils Refined petroleum products having specific gravities in the range of 0.85 to 0.98 and flash point temperatures above 55 ☌.
Some specific gravities of common petroleum liquids are 1 to 1.1 for asphalt, 0.8 for gasoline, and 0.6 for naphtha.
With minor exceptions the requirements for the physical and chemical properties of asphalt were essentially the same for the three national specifications and included penetration and ductiUty at 25 ☌ flash point % loss at 163 ☌ penetration of residue as a % of original solubiUty in carbon disulfide solubiUty in carbon tetrachloride specific gravity at 25☌ and softening point.
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